Business entities were identified and their relationships were Essay

Business entities were identified and their relationships were represented in a Business Model - Essay Example Established companies are looking for new and more innovative ways to conduct their business to compete against the rising competition and to keep off unwanted insurgents. And on the other hand this business era which can be termed as the "entrepreneur era", entrepreneurs are looking and finding ways to create new and innovative business models to carve out a niche of their own in the market. This paper concentrates on the development of a business model for a company specialising in internet marketing business. By means of the company and the development of its business model the paper offers a comprehensive study on the significance of a business model and the different integral requirements needed by a company to sketch its business model. The main objective of this assignment being the selection of a business and creating a business model for it, the business of internet marketing was chosen. And so as to give the company more substance and originality, the company was given a fictional name, ResearchArchive. This particular name was chosen for the company as it, in more ways than some gives a prompt first impression idea of what the company and its business is about. The main business idea or the business concept behind this business venture is providing academic research materials to prospective customers. ResearchArchive is a business enterprise that specialises in providing E-books and journals via interactive marketing. The company offers relevant web based books and journals that are needed for writing academic research papers such as term papers, dissertation papers, thesis papers etc. For the short term the company seeks to be the leading provider of E-books and E-journals and documents for students based in UK, US, Australia and New Zealand. On the long term, the company aims to be the most innovative and prolific providers of web based academic research materials catering to students all over the globe. Marketing Objectives and Strategies Marketing objectives are those objectives that define what behavior an organisation wants from the target markets, they comprise the measureable ends that need to be achieved (Hiebing R.G. & Cooper S.W., 2003). ResearchArchive being a web based academic research material for international students, the main marketing objectives of the company are: To identify, reach out and communicate with the maximum number of prospective customers on a world-wide scale. Relay the benefits and advantages of the company's business offerings to the target market. Provision of products and services as in academic research materials that meets the requirements of the customers. Develop a long-term and a profitable relationship with the customers. Carve out a space for itself in the market and create a sustainable competitive advantage. In order to successfully achieve these

Establishment Of The European Works Councils

Establishment Of The European Works Councils The importance of the subject matter for setting up a European Works Council (EWC hereafter) stems from the necessity to identify, evaluate and manage problems that come from the pragmatic aspect of employment relations. As Hoffmann and M ller (2001) note that the adoption of the EWC Directive in 1994 represented a turning point for EWC practice in which interested bodies saw EWCs as an institution to enhance trade union cooperation on a transnational level. However, less attention had been paid to the possibility of management using EWCs to its own ends (Hoffmann and M ller 2001). In addition, the threats and opportunities caused by the diverse nature of employment relations and practice both on national and international level has made setting up EWCs important to look into bearing in mind also the legal implications involved as well. Therefore, this topic is important because of the priority given to organisations by the EWC directive on the flexibility to engage in negotiations (EWC Directive 2009/38/EC Article 13) between management and employee representatives on a European level for the benefit of improving employment relations. Historical/Dynamics Background of EWC A EWC is a body that represents employees and provides for the information and consultation of employees in Community-scale undertakings and Community-scale groups of undertakings as required by the 1994 EWC Directive (94/45/EC, Article 1.2). It is the first authentic European body of interest represented at enterprise level which has a status defined by law that cannot be avoided or dissolved by employers especially in most European countries. Although they are forbidden in law to organise industrial actions, they have legal rights to redress through courts when they consider their right has been violated. The emergence of the EWC is as a result of the need for organisations to respond to the Europeanization of business evolving from the Single European Market. The establishment of EWCs took place in successions as a result of legal changes made to the directive. Initially, the directive focused on a German influenced hard law type of employee participation administered by civil sanctions but aroused opposition which then initiated the shift to a soft law type of employee participation without a firm sanction (Falkner 1996). Although efforts to introduce EWCs in the 1970s proved unsuccessful due to the joint oppositions made by employer s organisations and the governments of member states, about 46 organisations mainly operated by French, German and Scandinavian countries voluntarily adopted the directives centred on the Vredeling directive between 1983 and 1994. The next event occurred between 1994 and 1996 when 386 companies adopted the Directive 94/45/EC to exploit the loophole that Article 13 created. Later, from 1997 to 2008, the establishment of newer EWCs reduced because of guidelines stated in article 6 of the Directive 94/45/EC which led to strictly employee representatives and trade unions (Ko hler and Begega 2010). Finally, In 2009 a recast Directive 2009/38/EC was made because of a legislative proposal put forward by the European commission to address a number of concerns spotted from observing the practice of the Directive in reality. Also, the issue of Europeanization led to the changing aspects of EWCs. From, a mixed institution of employee and management representatives headed by an HR executive or member of the board of directors (French model) to only employee representatives as in the Continental European model (Ko hler and Begega 2010. How EWCs are organised EWC Directive requires business entities hiring more than 1,000 individuals in member states, of which 150 must be employed in each of two member states, should establish a European Works Council (EWC Directive 1994: Article 2) and this is mandatory for Multi-National Companies (MNC) under the European Union Law. Employees can elect work councillors or trade unions can nominate candidates according to procedures stipulated by the country s legislation. EWCs in Practice Telljohann (2005) points out that managers and trade unions have diverse interests, opinions and expectations. Lecher et al (2001), also emphasizes on the diverse nature of operations occurring within EWCs as an attribute to the organisations that manage them as well as the directive which covers them. Therefore, these factors represent, determine the development and differentiate the operationalization of EWCs enabling them obtain their structure from interactions with management, national employee representation, trade unions and also within the works council (Lecher et al 2001). However, the standard of relationship is defined by the degree of information and extent to which information is given coupled with the rate at which information is provided and the level of adequate consultation between EWCs and management. EWCs and Management Telljohann (2005) identifies four systematic plans of action taken by management in their dealings with EWCs. First of all, managers use a minimalist approach to conform to directives and avoid legal actions taken by employee representative. Secondly, managers apply a combination of manipulative and control approach in relating with EWCs to achieve their objectives. The downside of this approach is that it causes disunion between EWCs and makes them less important in the process of employment relations. Lastly, managers employ a constructive approach to propose improved or enhanced employee relations by offering to go outside the contents of the directive. The advantage of this type of approach is that both parties benefit in that managers demonstrate effective consulting process that is seen by worker representatives as a favourable time to influence management decisions. It can be argued that the mutual benefits achieved from a constructive approach make it an acceptable strategy f or managers to relate with EWCs. EWCs in practice: Management views and usage In the process of internalising organisational activities and HRM practices on a transnational level, managers encounter difficulties that vary from restructuring organisations at European level to aligning employees objectives with the strategic objectives of the organisation along with sustaining a responsible autonomy at work at a national level. The extent to which management use EWCs in dealing with these difficulties depend on how they perceive EWCs in practice. Again, management perception differs from one organisation to the other in that some managers misconstrue EWCs as an avenue for sightseeing and are sceptical about increasing their importance (Vitols 2003). However, most managers appreciate the beneficial role EWCs play in communicating information to employees and consulting with managers effectively (ibid). It is beneficial because keeping employees well informed on management decisions enables them to clearly understand, accept and put a high value on management deci sions. Managers in turn do not only win trust, acceptance and value for the decisions they make, they also gain respect. As a result, the tendency for managers to seek more strategic ways of enhancing the efficacy of EWC activities in the future is definite. Indeed, it is no surprise that management that fall under this category seem to be increasing in size (Vitols 2003). Case Study: EWCs in Practice According to a research carried out by Fulton (2005) on British Airways, it is evident that management adopted a minimalist approach in that although they tried to abide by the contents of the signed agreement, they limited information shared with employee representatives and were reluctant in entering into an open consultation with EWC. Also, based on the notion that management did not respect employee representatives, it is obvious that they also implemented a manipulative and control approach in relating with EWCs. These approaches in turn led to distrust between management and members of the EWC along with employees as a whole. Similarly, another example can be found in an Italian agro-food industry (Telljohann 2005) where management used a manipulative approach to show off itself to the public (corporate identity) and a control approach to limit the activities of the EWC. EWCs and Trade Unions In contrast to how management use EWCs, pluralistic unions tend to be more complicated in their dealings with EWCs. Trade unions interrelate with EWCs by appointing their international office or the collective bargaining department as delegates over the task of providing support to the EWCs. This approach helps Trade Unions facilitate the regulation of policies on a European level and enable the collective bargaining department concentrate on issues particular to its sector. Another approach is the delegation of supporting task to national bodies or territorial bodies. Telljohann (2005) demonstrates that it is beneficial to choose territorial bodies because it strengthens the relationship between EWCs and Trade Unions. However, delegating support tasks using the above approaches can be problematic and because of the tendency for delegates to be partial in representing the unions placed in their care on international level or the inclination to follow EWCs of their own country on national level. Whatever the case may be, it is ironic to see that whilst the rationale behind this approach is to meet the demands of members of the EWC on organisational level as regards European policies, it ends up thwarting information and resources that is of value to the organisation and EWC activity. Also, even though some unionists take up roles externally, complications occur when Trade Unions participate as full members in EWCs activities. For instance, pluralistic trade unions (e.g. French and Italian) assume that conflict in pursuit of the same entitlement as the other unions is inevitable and tend to replicate this approach within the EWC. As a result, full members of such pluralistic unions are likely to adamantly support this act of conflict thus causing problems when this approach is adopted as a controlling method of participating in activities within the EWC. Again rather than satisfying the objective of this strategy, it weakens the effectiveness of activities within the EWC and creates an atmosphere of confusion thus failing to meet the expectations of parties involved. Typologies of EWCs Lecher (2001) demonstrates four typologies of EWCs based on the divergent prospects, strategies and practices of actors, classifying them as symbolic, service, project oriented and participative. Differentiation between these typologies is made based on the analysis of interactions among the different actors such as management, trade unions, employee representatives and its internal capacity. While the symbolic typology ranks the least preferred, the participative typology is mostly admired because of its quality to exchange information and induce management to engage in negotiations. In fact, Lecher (2001) was right when he affirmed the constructive quality of a participative EWC. Advantages of EWCs According to Vitols (2003) the effectiveness of EWCs does not depend on whether the organisation is headquartered in a country with strong work councils and worker representation (e.g. Germany or Denmark) or weak tradition of partnership (e.g. France or UK). Although Streeck and Vitols (1995) and Marginson (2000) claimed that the effectiveness of EWC activities depended on the influence of strong work councils and worker representation in the home country, Terry (2003) builds on Vitols argument showing that organisations from weak tradition of partnership are hopeful about the future of stakeholder approach. Therefore it can be argued that so far as countries endeavour to improve the operations of their EWCs and apply lessons learnt from inaccuracies made in the past, the efficacy of their EWCs will continue to depend on their willingness to make things work. Therefore, the opportunity EWCs create in improving employment relations through the exchange of information and the improvement of communication within companies gives companies a valuable reason to establish their EWC (European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions 2008). All the same, Vitols (2003) highlights specific benefits of EWCs on a European level which demonstrate that: Employees appreciate the policies and vision of the organisation and managers are well furnished with useful information which helps them make better decisions. Developments at national levels are well understood and specific. Also, communication channels are clear and effective and representatives identify their operations as being international in scope. It enhances the spirit of teamwork and strengthens social relationships through interacting across borders and builds trust between central management and representatives at national level. Representatives based in countries with weak tradition of partnership are able to bring into operation the stakeholder approach while top management are conversant with the issues surrounding social responsibility and Human resource management. To this end, it is evident that the objective of the EWC Directive to improve employment relations succeeded in several areas. Disadvantages of EWC The genesis of the hindrances in establishing a EWC stems from the adjustable and vague nature of the directive. To begin with, the loose guidelines of the directive expose it to exploitations from a management representative level and reverse the objective of the directive to curb management-seeking interests. Also, as a result of its nature, it paves way for a bureaucratic setting leaving companies lose focus on their objective and benefits of the directive. Moreover, such a directive sets confusion in the organisation of activities amongst participants (Lucio and Weston (2000). According to Waddington (2011) the politics of labour representation and the possibility of managers to exploit the guidelines set in the Directive for their own self-interest can hamper establishment of EWCs. Managers defend their resistance underlining the cost of setting up EWCS, the impact on company decision making of EWCs and the transparency that may result from a EWC (ibid). For instance, the confusion on appropriate timing to involve the EWC in decision making with too early and too late dilemmas involved. In addition, transnational organisations incur huge costs in setting up EWC meetings through administrative costs such as travel and accommodation, feeding, preparation and organisation of meetings, real-time translation services, and remunerations for delegates and managers. More so, some managers claim that setting up a EWC will prolong the process of decision making (Waddington 2011). On the contrary, Vitols (2003: 2006) indicated that managers in companies that have established EWC do not subscribe to that view. To that end, it could be argued that managers see EWCs as instruments that diminish their powers and so they use the excuse of bureaucracy to manoeuvre their way into resisting the necessity to establish a EWC and fulfil their selfish interest. Besides, some managers also claim that EWCs will make known the employment conditions of the organisation and pave way to possible matters on collective bargaining (Waddington 2011; Whittall et al. 2008). Again, this is a tactic used by managers to strategically meet their needs at the detriment of employees as regards to improving employment relations. The EWC directive is meant to improve relations based on information and consultation and not to force decisions from actors and so it is not a valid excuse to reject requests made by employees to establish EWC because managers are too myopic to see the benefits it brings. Furthermore, differences in language, culture, behaviour, traditions, industrial relations and legal systems caused problems the diversity in structure and Human resources of EWCs. What is more is the lack of understanding of business terms, balance sheets, etc. by many delegates and reluctance of some delegates to take responsibility for decisions or points of view. Problems with EWC From a trade union perspective, EWCs are vehicles for competition between industrial sites in that union representatives exploit the opportunity for exchanging information selfishly. The information obtained is used strategically by union representatives to strengthen the position of their own site while ignoring the requests or concerns of their branches. Therefore it can be argued that the gap in the directive to provide a legal context to avoid such competition in employment relations gives room for the misuse of its activity hence producing a corrupt inter-industry competition effect. Consequently, this argument does not agree with shifting the blame onto the union representatives as Hanck (2000) reasons in a study of the automobile industry. On the other hand, management see EWCs as an instrument to align organisational change projects with decision making instead of concentrating on concerns pertaining to employment relations. e.g. as in the automobile industry Hanck 2000. Although one can argue that this is because of the weakness of the directive as pertaining to the inevitable issues of organisational restructuring, Miller and Platzer (2003) point out that the absence of an in-depth and specific directive and EWC agreements does not make it weak rather the practical functioning of EWCs determines its efficiency. Therefore, it can be argued that regardless of how loose the directive is, management representatives should align relations issues with structural changes and seek the cooperation of worker representatives on decisions that will benefit all parties. HR Challenges From the above analysis, it is apparent that HR managers are likely to face some challenges. These include but are not limited to; the establishment of a well-integrated organisational culture one employee voice aligning employee objectives and values with that of the organisation ensuring that employees understand and are regularly updated with the strategies and objectives if the organisation Making a strategic choice between converging HR policies or diverging them with a focus on national backgrounds and as well as widespread Stimulating movement across national borders while cultivating the spirit of cooperation. Also, since dealing with employee relations would require ethical considerations based on corporate responsibility and sustainability, it is the responsibility of HR Mangers to ensure that both the organisation and its employees are well protected. Recommendation and conclusion: Majority of the problems linked with setting up EWCs is as a result of lack of training. To this end, in order to reduce language barrier and considering the fact that English is widely used by many countries and an official language, representatives on all sides should seek training to boost their fluency in English. Also, in order to get acquainted with business terms and instruments, delegates should also undergo training this will in turn prepare them to participate effectively and take responsibility for valuable decisions. Furthermore the problem of distinctions in culture, behaviour, traditions, industrial relations and legal systems can be addressed by encouraging meetings to be held outside the home country at other times. This will help delegates familiarise themselves with the norms and values of other nations. It will also create an avenue to improve employment relations between companies, although this may imply a convergence in HR issues as regards industrial relations. In so far as this improves the situation, management should utilise it as a means to achieve the aim of the directive.

Michelangelo Essay -- essays research papers

Michelangelo Buonarroti is arguably one of the most inspired creators in the history of art and the most potent force in the Italian High Renaissance. As a sculptor, architect, painter, and poet, he exerted a tremendous influence on his contemporaries and on subsequent Western art in general. Michelangelo was born March 6, 1475, in the small village of Caprese near Arezzo. He lived during the Italian High Renaissance. Although he was born in Caprese, he lived in Florentine. There he created some of the most spectacular works of art ever. One in particular was the statue David. Michelangelo had a serious reason for creating this statue. He made this statue to show the people who David, the Old Testament hero who defeated Goliath, actually was. David is shown by Michelangelo as a lithe nude youth, muscular and alert, looking off into the distance as if sizing up the enemy Goliath. The fiery intensity of David’s facial expression is termed terribilità  , a feature characteristic of many of Michelangelo’s figures and of his own personality. David, Michelangelo’s most famous sculpture, became the symbol of Florence and originally was place in the Piazza della Signoria in front of the Palazzo Vecchio, the Florentine town hall. With this statue, Michelangelo proved to his contemporaries that he not only surpassed all modern artists, but also the Greeks and Romans, by infusing formal beauty with powerful expressiveness and meaning. Michelangelo’s David does not make me feel a...

Hero’s Journey- Ender’s Game Essay

Enders Game, written by Orson Scott Card is a â€Å"classic novel of one boy’s destiny among the stars†. The representation of Ender as the typical hero partaking on a hero’s journey is shown through the language devices and the characterisation of Ender. Card presents the conventions of a traditional hero, namely qualities of bravery and wisdom, leadership, responsibility and the tragic or traditional weakness. Card explores the idea of a traditional hero’s weakness, through the character of Ender, who undergoes a hero’s journey, which demands that individual weaknesses are overcome, which mirrors Enders. Enders weakness is considered as the fear of him transforming into his violent, heartless brother as suggested in the quote â€Å" I am just like Peter. Take my monitor away, and I am just like Peter†. This describes the distress and uneasiness Ender feels in situations where it seems he is transforming into a murderer like Peter. â€Å"I’m a murderer, even when I play. Peter would be proud of me†. Throughout Enders Game, Ender struggles through overcoming this weakness, which is a similar difficulty a typical hero goes through; this shows the strong link between Ender and a conventional hero. The sense of responsibility delegated to Ender by others around him displays the typical conventional hero. â€Å"I’ve watched through his eyes, I’ve listened through his ears, and I tell you he’s the one. Or at least as close as we’re going to get† Card uses word choice in order to convey the sense of urgency when saying â€Å"or at least as close as we’re going to get. â€Å"This sense of urgency creates the tension of Ender being the hero that they are relying on to save the world. Ender also being aware of this factor by saying â€Å"it’s what I was born for, isn’t it? If I don’t go, why am I alive? † The responsibility that Ender has no choice in accepting shows how essential and significant Ender is in the scheme of redeeming world peace among the buggers. Being depended on by others to accomplish something is the main reason why heroes must do their job; Ender like any other traditional heroes must carry out this role. Card displays the conventions of a hero, and explores the idea of heroes being an outcast, which is shown through Enders character. From the very beginning there is a connection between Ender and isolation shown through the quote â€Å"Too willing to submerge himself in someone else’s will†¦ So what do we do? Surround him with enemies all the time? † From the very beginning of Enders Game and throughout the novel Ender has been deliberately isolated for the in order for Ender to became the leader and hero that is needed in the book. This concept is also suggested through the quote â€Å"Isolate him enough that he remains creative- otherwise he’ll adopt the system here and we’ll lose him. At the same time, we need to make sure he keeps a strong ability to lead. † In Enders game Ender has been deliberately isolated just enough for him to show his creativity in finding new solutions to problems but not too isolated to insure his social skills are still intact in order to achieve success in creating him as a leader. These qualities are what Ender must attain to be a hero. The brave qualities that Card illustrates Enders character as, display the true nature of a hero. Ender, although at a young age shows great intelligence and bravery in the way he cleverly and skilfully thinks situations through. I think it’s impossible to really understand somebody, what they want, what they believe, and not love them the way they love themselves. And then, in that very moment when I love them†¦. I destroy them. † This quote displays the creative and wise thoughts that enter Enders mind whilst solving a problem. â€Å"I have to win this now, and for all time, or I’ll fight it every day and it will get worse and worse. † This citation from Enders game represents the courageous characteristic that Ender displays in standing up for himself. Although the decision that hero’s chose may be risky it is the wisest option. The obstacles that Ender faces throughout his ‘hero’s journey’ reinforces his characterisation as a traditional hero. Card invokes this convention of the heroic genre by Ender displaying these identical qualities of a hero. Heroes are known for obtaining great intelligence or skill, which sets them apart from everyone making them valuable and unique. Ender in the world of mundane is described as a complex and advanced 6 years old. â€Å" He always knew the answer, even when she thought he wasn’t paying attention. † Also the quote â€Å" he was the one who figured out ow to send messages† shows the intelligence and cleverness of Ender breaking and altering the system. Enders intelligence is hinted in these quotes, which associate with a hero being extremely clever and more advanced than others. Card taking on the idea of Ender as the typical hero on his ‘heroes journey’ is shown in the obstacles and situation Ender faces where he shows the nature of a true hero. Orson Scott Card’s interpretation of Enders wise and brave characteristics, his sense of responsibility and his weakness is displayed throughout the novel which depicts the idea of Ender resembling a traditional hero.

Family Structure and Development Essay

I am a part of a Nuclear Family which is defined in the modern era as the characteristic family unit of developed industrial societies which consists solely of husband, wife, and children, and spans only two generations (Dillen, 2003). The nuclear family is more mobile geographically and socially, and allows more autonomy. On the other hand, it produces an observed increase in depression, divorce rates, delinquency, and weakening of cultural transmissions (Acs & Loprest, 2004, p. 56). The roles within a nuclear family is used to be the father being the main bread winner and working long hours to support his family and the mother as the caregiver who looked after the children and the home. My Nuclear family included my father, who worked as a banker, my mother who was a housewife and my 3 siblings. Growing up, I had this notion that all families were happy all the time as was mine and I was unaware of the problems my parents faced. The giant responsibility was to provide needs and wants for a family; however, as I grew older I began to realize the difficult task my parents and other families endured everyday by being able to give their families what they need and want. Having a stay-at-home mother, a working father and living in a locality where other families lived in similar circumstances, it never gave me the chance to monitor families living in different situations. As I grew older, I realized that there were many diverse family types in terms of family structures and responsibilities. Although many assume that the nuclear family structure with a working father and stay at home mother, is a narrow-minded idea (Hao, 1996, p. 269), but it makes me feel very comfortable to say that my brought up under my mother’s supervision at home was done in a very organized way. This was not possible if my development was done with out the hard work of my mother and that also allowed my father to focus on his job. References Acs, G., & Loprest, P. (2004).  Leaving Welfare: Employment and Well-Being of Families That Left Welfare in the Post-Entitlement Era. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. Dillen, A. (2003). Queer Family Values: Debunking the Myth of the Nuclear Family.Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32(5), 489+. Hao, L. (1996). Family Structure, Private Transfers, and the Economic Well-Being of Families with Children.  Social Forces, 75(1), 269-292.

ILGWU - International Ladies Garment Workers Union

ILGWU - International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union The International Ladies Garment Workers Union, known as ILGWU or ILG, was founded in 1900. Most of the members of this textile workers union were women, often immigrants. It began with a few thousand members and had 450,000 members in 1969. Early Union History In 1909, many ILGWU members were part of the Uprising of 20,000, a fourteen-week strike. The ILGWU accepted a 1910 settlement that failed to recognize the union, but that did gain important working condition concessions and improvement in wages and hours. The 1910 Great Revolt, a strike of 60,000 cloakmakers, was led by the ILGWU. Louis Brandeis and others helped bring the strikers and manufacturers together, resulting in wage concessions by the manufacturers and another key concession: recognition of the union. Health benefits were also part of the settlement. After the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, in which 146 died, the ILGWU lobbied for safety reforms. The union found its membership increasing. Controversies Over Communist Influence Left-wing socialists and members of the Communist Party rose to considerable influence and power, until, in 1923, a new president, Morris Sigman, began to purge communists from union leadership positions. This led to an internal conflict, including a 1925 work stoppage. While the union leadership battled internally, the manufacturers hired gangsters to break a long 1926 general strike on the part of a New York local led by Communist Party members. David Dubinsky followed Sigman as president. He had been an ally of Sigmans in the struggle to keep Communist Party influence out of the unions leadership. He made little progress in promoting women to leadership positions, though union membership remained overwhelmingly female. Rose Pesotta for years was the only woman on the executive board of the ILGWU. The Great Depression and 1940s The Great Depression and then the National Recovery Act influenced the unions strength. When the industrial (rather than craft) unions formed the CIO in 1935, the ILGWU was one of the first member unions. But though Dubinsky did not want the ILGWU to leave the AFL, the AFL expelled it. The ILGWU rejoined the AFL in 1940. Labor and Liberal Party - New York Leadership of the ILGWU, including Dubinsky and Sidney Hillman, were involved in the founding of the Labor Party. When Hillman refused to support purging communists from the Labor Party, Dubinsky, but not Hillman, left to start the Liberal Party in New York. Through Dubinsky and until he retired in 1966, the ILGWU was supportive of the Liberal Party. Declining Membership, Merger In the 1970s, concerned with declining union membership and the movement of many textile jobs overseas, the ILGWU spearheaded a campaign to Look for the Union Label. In 1995, ILGWU merged with the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (ACTWU) into the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees (UNITE). UNITE in turn merged in 2004 with the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union (HERE) to form UNITE-HERE. The ILGWUs history is important in labor history, socialist history, and Jewish history as well as labor history.

Homeschool Myths and the Facts Behind Them

Homeschool Myths and the Facts Behind Them There are many misconceptions about homeschoolers. The falsehoods are often myths based on partial truths or experiences with a limited number of homeschooling families. They are so prevalent that even homeschooling parents start to believe the myths. Skewed homeschool statistics  that dont reveal accurate facts about homeschooling sometimes serve to further the misconceptions. How many of these homeschooling myths have you heard?   1. All homeschooled kids are spelling bee champs and child prodigies. Most homeschooling parents wish this myth were true! The fact is, homeschooled children range in ability level just like kids in any other school setting. Homeschooled students include gifted, average, and struggling learners. Some homeschooled kids are ahead of their same-age peers and some, particularly if they have learning struggles, are behind. Because homeschooled students can  work  at their own pace, it is not uncommon for them to be asynchronous learners, This means that they may be ahead of their grade level (based on age) in some areas, average in others, and behind in some. Because homeschool parents can offer their students one-on-one attention, its easy to strengthen weak areas. These benefits often allow kids who started out â€Å"behind† to catch up without the stigma associated with learning challenges. It is true that homeschooled students often have more time to devote to their areas of interest. This devotion sometimes results in a child displaying greater than average talent in those areas. 2. All homeschooling families are religious. In the early days of the current homeschooling movement, this myth may have been true. However, homeschooling has become much more mainstream. It is now the educational choice of families from all walks of life and a wide variety of belief systems. 3. All homeschool families are large. Many people think that homeschooling means a family of 12 children, huddled around the dining room table doing their schoolwork. While there are large homeschooling families, there are just as many families homeschooling two, three, or four children or even an only child. 4. Homeschooled kids are sheltered. Many homeschooling opponents share the opinion that homeschooled children need to get out and experience the real world. However, it is only in a school setting that kids are segregated by age. Homeschooled children are out in the real world every day  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ shopping, working, attending homeschool co-op classes, serving in the community, and much more. 5. Homeschooled kids are socially awkward. Just as with ability-level, homeschooled students are as varied in their personalities as kids in traditional school settings. There are shy homeschool kids and outgoing homeschool kids. Where a child falls on the personality spectrum has much more to do with the temperament they were born with than where they are educated. Personally, I’d like to meet one of those shy, socially awkward homeschooled kids because I sure didn’t give birth to any of them! 6. All homeschool families drive vans – mini- or 15-passenger. This statement is largely a myth, but I do understand the perception. The first time I went to a used curriculum sale, I knew the general location for the sale but not the exact spot. This event was way back in the ancient days before GPS, so I drove to the general area. Then I followed the line of mini-vans. They led me straight to the sale! Anecdotes aside, many homeschool families do not drive vans. In fact, crossover vehicles seem to be the mini-van equivalent for modern homeschooling moms and dads. 7. Homeschooled kids don’t watch TV or listen to mainstream music. This myth applies to some homeschooling families, but not the majority. Homeschooled kids do watch TV, listen to music, own smartphones, participate in social media, attend concerts, go to movies, and participate in any number of pop culture activities just like kids from other educational backgrounds. They have proms, play sports, join clubs, go on field trips, and much more. The fact is, homeschooling has become so common that the biggest difference in the daily lives of most homeschooled students and their public or private schooled peers is where they are educated.

GRANT Surname Meaning and Origin

GRANT Surname Meaning and Origin The origins of the Grant surname are uncertain, but the following theories are the most widely accepted: A nickname from the Anglo-Norman French graund or  graunt, meaning tall, large- derived, in turn, from the  Latin grandis- bestowed due to the individuals size, or to distinguish two bearers of the same personal name, often different generations within the same family (e.g. grant denotes the elder or senior).Clan Grant says that tradition suggests that the name comes from Sliabh Grianais - the moor above Aviemore, believed to be the first land in Scotland occupied by the Grant progenitors. Grant may also be a spelling variant of the German surname Grandt or Grant Surname Origin: Scottish, English, French Alternate Surname Spellings: GRAUNT, GRAWNT, GRANTE   Where in the World is the GRANT Surname Found? According to Forebears, the Grant surname is most prevalent in the United States (used by over 156,000 people), but most common in Jamaica (where the surname ranks as 10th most common) and Scotland (ranked 29th). Grant is also common in Guyana (46th), New Zealand (49th), Canada (88th), Australia (92nd) and England (105th). Historical surname distribution data from Scotland identifies the areas where Grant was most common in 1881 as Moray, where it was the most used name, as well as Banffshire (2nd most common), Nairn (6th), Inverness-shire (9th) and West Lothian (10th). WorldNames PublicProfiler identifies the Grant surname as being especially popular in Donegal, Ireland, as well as Australia, New Zealand and most of northern Scotland.   Famous People with the Last Name GRANT Ulysses S. Grant -  U.S. general and commander of the Union armies; 18th U.S. presidentCary Grant - British-American film actorHugh Grant - British actorAmy Grant - American singer-songwriterAnne Grant - Scottish poetJedediah Morgan Grant - leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsNatalie Grant - American singer-songwriter Genealogy Resources for the Surname GRANT Clan GrantExplore a wealth of resources made available by Clan Grant, including history, genealogy, gatherings, membership and more. Grant DNA ProjectJoin over 400 individuals with the Grant surname who are interested in combining Y-DNA testing with genealogical research to help identify various Grant genetic lines and ancestries. Trace your Scottish roots back to Scotland and beyond with the steps outlined in this Scottish genealogy guide. Learn how to locate your ancestors county and/or parish in Scotland, plus access vital records, census records and parish records in Scotland. Grant Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Grant family crest or coat of arms for the Grant surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. FamilySearch - GRANT GenealogyExplore over 2.9 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Grant surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GRANT Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts a free mailing lists for researchers of the Grant surname. DistantCousin.com - GRANT Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Grant. The Grant Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the popular last name Grant from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.    Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Technology in our everyday life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology in our everyday life - Essay Example If someone from the last century, or even the fifties, were to be picked up and dropped smack in the middle of any modern city today, they would surely feel what a science fiction film viewer would, albeit a higher degree of shock. I think life today has become a hodge-podge of gadgetry and mad science. We use something fantastically gimmicky for nearly everything we do: we swipe our fingers over sleek slabs of glass and aluminum to communicate with each other; we laugh or smile or cry while we stare at luminous surfaces of yet more slates of cool metal; and, we gain access into buildings by speaking magic words into the air. This is exactly what it would seem like to someone who had never come across a touch-screen phone, a personal computing tablet or modern-day voice recognition technology. It is often seen that one type of technology, out of a freak chance, may behave erratically in the presence of other appliances. I would quote the example of mobile phone interference. Mobile c ommunication technology, while one of the greatest breakthroughs of science is considered dangerous and hence prohibited for use on aircraft or in gas stations! The mobile signals responsible for carrying voice and data may interfere with an aircraft’s sensitive navigational equipment and can cause a spark enough to ignite gasoline fumes. Furthermore, they must not be brought into close proximity with pacemakers and medical equipment.

Research Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Analysis - Assignment Example This paper examines two health researches to point out that researches though, similar in type of industry being studied upon, does not always mean that the studies will utilize similar research methods and that appropriate methods should be a huge consideration to be able to study in depth the external and internal validities of such studies. Keywords: analyze, methodologies, research design, variables, interventions, timeframes, rationale, external and internal validity Research Analysis: A Closer Look at the Methodology of Two Different Health Research Studies Research studies were conducted to determine the cause and effect relationship of each independent variable to its corresponding dependent variables. The aim of these studies is to generate conclusions on the relevance of a certain variable to the samples and to provide evidenced based decision making on the issue at hand (â€Å"Study Design†, n.d.). To further analyze the similarities and differences of the methodolo gies used in the two different health research studies, this paper will look at the research designs, variables, interventions, and timeframes and timing along with its corresponding rationales in methods section of each article as used by the authors. ... ata and clinical data of patients, SCHFI scale a 22-item questionnaire that measures heart failure self-care and MLHF questionnaire that is developed to evaluate the quality of life specifically for heart failure patients. Alpha coefficients used for the study are 0.76 for heart failure self-care and 0.94 for quality of life. Data collection was done by soliciting the approval of the physician and the patients to avoid future ethical problems and the interview process thereafter. Data analysis used was descriptive statistics using SPSS base 16.0 software and considering frequencies, means and reliability estimates as well as bivariate correlations as measurements. The purpose of the study is to determine if there are any statistically significant relationships between heart failure, self-care deficits and quality of life among recently hospitalized heart failure patients. The above study showed that there was a clear link between the research purpose which was to determine if there w ere any statistically significant relationships between self-care and quality of life among recently hospitalized heart failure patients and the study design used which was non- experimental such that the study does not involve a control group but refers only to the cross-section sample of the population (â€Å"Evaluation Design†, n.d.). The link can also be inferred by the use of interview process to obtain the data and by the method of analysis which was through the use of descriptive statistics and the social statistics software (SPSS). The intervention in the study was provided for by the inclusion and exclusion criterion that was well defined in the methodology section. The rationale for the inclusion and exclusion criteria to be well defined in the study is to provide the limitation to

Media literacy should be taught to boys ages 6-12 to understand the Essay

Media literacy should be taught to boys ages 6-12 to understand the dangers of professional wrestling - Essay Example Since there is no filter available that can discriminate what content suits what age bracket, therefore the impacts can be quite adverse. Media literacy education is very essential because it will help children to discriminate the content on their own and would eventually help them to choose what is feasible for them. The age bracket from six to twelve years is very fragile where a child adapts a lot thus it is very important to assist them and provide them with the basic knowledge so that they do not implement what they see. Thus it is very important to inculcate media literacy amongst young children so that they understand the adverse impacts of professional Wrestling."By its very nature, professional  wrestling promotes violence  as a reason to watch. With all the  brutality in this world  Zillmann and Bryant (1994) argued that audiences, especially  children, seek out arousing entertainment to relieve boredom." (Oppliger, 2004) Firstly professional wrestling has evolved tremendously since it has been given the criteria of a sport. This sport has another very important side to it, which is the entertainment factor it provides. When young children have access to wrestling they not only get enthralled by the entertainment factor but also the stunts done leave a very profound impact on their mind. They develop this wrong approach that they can practice the same stunts at home, school or other places. They do not realize that the stunts performed there are under strict supervision and are a result of intense practice. Without any supervision or practice the young children involve in wrestling activities which can result in serious injuries and damage to health. When children are not educated about the adverse impacts associated with wrestling they will not only damage themselves but others as well. Furthermore it needs to be realized here that children adapt whatever they see. Hence it is very important to educate them about wrestling so that they do n ot implement what they see. Secondly another issue that can arise if young children have access to professional wrestling is that they learn to use abusive language. "any greater degree of violence than is occasioned by blows,  wrestling, and pulling of the hair; and their  abusive language." (Rees, 1905) These matches it has been observed that the wrestlers tend to use such abusive terms which are not suitable for the young minds. Many a times it has been seen that children use the language they learn from these wrestling at home; school etc. and when they are asked from where they learned such language they usually blame wrestling. Children who are belonging to the age bracket of six to ten are at a stage of developing. Their reflexes are becoming sharper and their cognition is developing. During this phase if they start to learn such abusive language that will always have a very drastic impact on their overall upbringing. These words are then used at various instances reflect ing their learning from these wrestling programs. Language is very important when it comes to young children and if they do continue to watch such programs which promote abusive language then the impacts can be quite adverse. Thirdly another major danger that can damage the young minds is the propagation of vulgarity, profanity and female adolescence.These shows have become an emblem of vulgarity. Young children

Excel Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Excel Project - Essay Example Software prepared by the most prominent software company Microsoft are: Microsoft Dynamics GP Microsoft FRx for financial reporting and analytics Microsoft Office Small Business Accounting 2007 Microsoft Small Business Financials SAP manufactures: SAP ERP Financial Solution SAP Intuit Company prepares: Quickbooks, Quicken TurboTax Industries All these software are used by organizations which have huge database and it is not easy to manage it without appropriate software, for instance multinational companies, banking systems and airport terminals etc. Apart from these industries, all these software are marketed also marketed to renowned websites like Finance.yahoo.com, Reuters and Bloomberg. Wall Street & Firms Generally Wall Street views all the firms with the ability to provide good returns. In the given 120 trading activity, only Microsoft was the only company which could not end up with positive results, apart from that, the rest of the companies reported the positive returns in t he given time frame. Results One basis of the results computed on the Microsoft Excel sheet along with the graphs, the analysis of 120 trading days’ activity clearly reflects that SAP performed remarkably well earning a gain of around $90,000, whereas Microsoft turned out to be the worst among all five participants reporting a net loss of around $55,000. The other three software designing firms produced mediocre results, presenting net gains $15,000, $9,000 and ?12,000 by oracle, Intuit and Sage respectively. Source Yahoo! Finance was used as the data source from the stock price data was retrieved. The reason for choosing this financial database is the element of ease and convenience that Yahoo! Finance provides to its users. The other important aspect of choosing Yahoo! Finance was ability to convert all the data into excel sheets which provides users the ultimate ease of working on that data. Analysis Since the SAP performed the best among all five participants and Microsof t performed the worst, therefore whatever is the amount of investment can be made equally on these five stocks, the end output will be same in which SAP would be leading ahead from the rest of participants. In scenario 1, 3 and 4 SAP is involved, and it can be observed that SAP is performing much better. Opposite view goes for Microsoft as Microsoft is included only in Scenario 1 due to its sluggish performance in the reported 120 trading days. Microsoft even could not qualify to be part of other 3 scenarios. If every scenario is discussed on individual basis it can be observed that SAP is the top leader and Microsoft is the top loser in scenario 1 in which all five companies were given an equal share of $500,000 to be invested in. Scenario 2 comprised of the two stocks from largest cap market companies in which SAP and Oracles were included. Here SAP remained well above from Oracle. Scenario 3 comprises of two best performing companies from medium sized markets in which Intuit and Sage were included. Here Sage performed marginally well from Intuit. The last scenario contains two stocks, each selected as the best performing from large and medium sized markets. SAP and Sage are the constituents of this scenario and clearly SAP beat Sage by a huge amount of $155,000. Fifth Scenario On the basis of the results obtained under scenario 1, the fifth best possible scenario that can be the most worthwhile among all five companies is the scenario in which SAP and

Literature Review Parent's Impact on Children's Physical Activity Essay

Literature Review Parent's Impact on Children's Physical Activity Levels - Essay Example But these studies have been anything but simple. The evolution of man when studied on children is an uphill task to say the least. There are many complex phenomena that are involved in it, and one should be conscious while making the same assumptions for adults that one makes for children. There were a huge number of interesting findings that lead to learn more about the way children behave in general, especially in the realm of physically activity. One would like to assume, that since there are obvious differences between children, this it would be fair to assume that they are different on some form of physical attribute as well. Eccles et al (1997) concludes that, children have more competence beliefs for physical values in so far as learning from the parents is concerned. This variation is not only of academic value, but would also end up determine possible patterns of behavior, which would in turn establish both individual as well as social behavior, that can have economic as well as political implications. Therefore, in order to form a conclusion about the ability of children to read and the differences therein, it is important to consider the biological and psychological basis of the same. In a recent study, children's development was shown to be affected by the content of the activities (Oakhill and Petrides, 2007). Therefore, an act that actually triggers their fancy, and would be of some value to their interests is likely to have them engrossed in the activity for a greater amount of time. The way children start physical development, and the differences therein are crucial to understand before an impression about their future development can be formulated. It is the difference in choice of toy that they start showing initially, from which the first signs of gender identity appear to develop. Parents' role in encouragement and support It has now been established that children from a very young age start to develop affiliation and understanding of the parents. Even when a child is of a few months, he/she starts to show sense of attachment as Piaget has been able to conclude through his work. From about 9 months onwards, children start to get appreciation of familiar figures, and their absence as potent matters of existence. This then transforms into attachment in due course, which transcends into role identification. Stewart, et al, (2003) elucidates that "physical activity interventions targeted at children should include and evaluate the efficacy of individual-level and community-level strategies to increase parents' capacity to provide instrumental and motivational support for their children's physical activity." This further is also supported by Cleland, et al, (2005) wherein it is established that parental exercise influences their children's participation in extracurricular sports. The behaviorist theory entails that a person learns every thing from its environment, and that a person is more likely to produce an act, which he has seen before. It can also be understood in the context of imitating or modeling, whereby similar acts are repeated. "Environmental influences such as parental approval and social custom shape us into wanting certain things and not wanting others" (Rathus, p. 399, 2002). In the same light, Garrett, et al (1999) purport that it is worth considering that children are nor necessarily a unanimous group; they

Reflection and Evaluation of Technologies(Module Learning Outcome 2) Essay

Reflection and Evaluation of Technologies(Module Learning Outcome 2) - Essay Example HTML5 falls under client side technology and can be considered to be a rich interface technology, given that it significantly enhances user interaction within a browser. Such technology as HTML5 is crucial in the development of a website since it highly improves the outward appearance of a browser and enhances its functionality as well as the look and feel of an application. Most of the shortcomings of the first generation web applications and development technologies are addresses by HTML5 in addition to the improvement of the user interface. It can be in the form of a fully interactive browser or a web-based enterprise application that is capable of offering the interface functionality and flexibility of a desktop application (Pilgrim, 2010). One of the major advantages of such technology as HTML5 is that it provides safe and result-oriented applications that offer a faster and more expensive interface as compared to the traditional technologies and applications. User interaction with the application becomes more attractive and fun, given the aesthetic value added by HTML5 to the browser and applications. With the adoption of HTML5 in the development of websites and applications, businesses are able to improve their productivity while utilizing advanced communication system to level up their services to their customers (Schmitt and Simpson 2011). There are a number of rich interface technologies, but currently HTML5 is considered to be the best among them. It is the latest revision of the previous HTML developed with the purpose of addressing the needs of modern web applications, mainly in order to eliminate the dependence on external browser plug-ins for most browsers. HTML5 is a significant improvement of the previous HTML, given that it comes with added features and new elements which did not exist in the previous versions of HTML. For instance, the standard web design has been improved

Literature Review Parent's Impact on Children's Physical Activity Essay

Literature Review Parent's Impact on Children's Physical Activity Levels - Essay Example But these studies have been anything but simple. The evolution of man when studied on children is an uphill task to say the least. There are many complex phenomena that are involved in it, and one should be conscious while making the same assumptions for adults that one makes for children. There were a huge number of interesting findings that lead to learn more about the way children behave in general, especially in the realm of physically activity. One would like to assume, that since there are obvious differences between children, this it would be fair to assume that they are different on some form of physical attribute as well. Eccles et al (1997) concludes that, children have more competence beliefs for physical values in so far as learning from the parents is concerned. This variation is not only of academic value, but would also end up determine possible patterns of behavior, which would in turn establish both individual as well as social behavior, that can have economic as well as political implications. Therefore, in order to form a conclusion about the ability of children to read and the differences therein, it is important to consider the biological and psychological basis of the same. In a recent study, children's development was shown to be affected by the content of the activities (Oakhill and Petrides, 2007). Therefore, an act that actually triggers their fancy, and would be of some value to their interests is likely to have them engrossed in the activity for a greater amount of time. The way children start physical development, and the differences therein are crucial to understand before an impression about their future development can be formulated. It is the difference in choice of toy that they start showing initially, from which the first signs of gender identity appear to develop. Parents' role in encouragement and support It has now been established that children from a very young age start to develop affiliation and understanding of the parents. Even when a child is of a few months, he/she starts to show sense of attachment as Piaget has been able to conclude through his work. From about 9 months onwards, children start to get appreciation of familiar figures, and their absence as potent matters of existence. This then transforms into attachment in due course, which transcends into role identification. Stewart, et al, (2003) elucidates that "physical activity interventions targeted at children should include and evaluate the efficacy of individual-level and community-level strategies to increase parents' capacity to provide instrumental and motivational support for their children's physical activity." This further is also supported by Cleland, et al, (2005) wherein it is established that parental exercise influences their children's participation in extracurricular sports. The behaviorist theory entails that a person learns every thing from its environment, and that a person is more likely to produce an act, which he has seen before. It can also be understood in the context of imitating or modeling, whereby similar acts are repeated. "Environmental influences such as parental approval and social custom shape us into wanting certain things and not wanting others" (Rathus, p. 399, 2002). In the same light, Garrett, et al (1999) purport that it is worth considering that children are nor necessarily a unanimous group; they

Business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 8

Business management - Essay Example The report starts by giving a brief description of the organisation followed by an outline of the organisational culture operating there. Google Inc is a multinational public computing and internet search corporation based in California. According to its official website, Google operates one of the biggest internet search engines in the world and it develops a number of internet based services and products. The organisation operates more than one million severs in data centers around the world and it has more than 200Â  000 employees worldwide. Likewise, the organisation also has leaders whose aim is to ensure that they positively influence the members of the organisation to pull their efforts towards the attainment of organisational goals. The organisational culture at Google is inclusive and every employee has something to say. Organisational culture can be described as the shared understanding which exists amongst organisation members with regards to the way things are done in a particular organisation (Swanepoel 1998). It refers to a set or system of shared features such as beliefs, values, assumptions, expectations, symbols and many others. People in the organisation can learn values and they shape their behaviour. Since these values are learned and created, there is an aspect of management function where the management ought to establish a culture in an organisation which can be used as a guide in the way the organisation operates. In every organisation, there is a culture which defines the policies as well as the structures needed in carrying out business. In the case of Google, it can be noted that there are espoused values that are clearly defined by the organisation as its preferred way of doing business and they are reflected in the company’s website. The espoused values at Google Inc put people first and the employees are encouraged to share information as well as learning from each other. Creativity is a virtue and all the employees are

Supply and Demand of the Rubber market

Supply and Demand of the Rubber market 2.0 Introduction Natural rubber product such as raw rubber and hevea wood products are kinds of world bulk industrial raw material; they are scare, deficient and strategic resource important for national defense and industrial construction. Due to the shortage of rubber supply and climate changes in the rubber-producing countries, supply resource of natural rubber has been decreasing annually and it makes global market suffering from significantly high price of the rubber (Hanim Adnan 2011). The insufficient supply of the natural rubber has bought various issues to the rubber market and it has brought contribution to the economics of Malaysia. Therefore, relevant economic theories will be used to discuss in the natural rubber issues. This report will examine in the concepts of demand, supply, shortages, market equilibrium, and elasticity. Besides, well labeled diagrams will be including in the later paragraph to explain the whole concepts. 3.0 Analysis 3.1 Demand The effects of shift in demand on rubber market Figure 1.1 D0 D1 S0 P1 P0 Q0 Q1 Quantity Price Demand can be defined as An economic measure, which shows an unlimited desire, as well as the ability to buy for a products or services (Demand 2011). According to the executive officer of glove manufacturer Careplus Group Bhd Lim Kwee Shyan, demand surged because of making medical rubber gloves due to growing hygiene awareness following the H1N1 pandemic. Therefore, it has become an essential product for the healthcare industry (Kian Seong 2010). Besides, there is a strong demand for tyres from China and India of the automobile sector (Prices to Stay High on Ongoing Tight supply 2011). Hence, ceteris paribus, there is a high demand to the natural rubber especially when the increase of population and the healthcare awareness has elevated. From Figure 1.1, it shows the effects of shift in demand on rubber market. Furthermore, the number of buyer is a non-price determinant, when the buyers increase the quantity of a product they want to buy at a given price; it makes the market demand curve shift to rightward from D0 to D1 in the Figure 1.1. Therefore, new equilibrium price and the quantity demand increase from P0 to P1 and Q0 to Q1, respectively. 3.2 Supply Supply can be described as The total amount of a product or service available for the customer to purchase at a given price (Supply 2011). Figure 1.2 D0 S0 S1 The effects of shift in supply on Rubber market Quantity Price P1 P0 Q1 Q0 The extreme and changeable weather of Malaysia and the issues of global warming will affect latex flow and reduce the supply of the rubber. For example the higher temperature in the morning and unpredictable natural disaster which are detrimental to the rubber trees (Admin 2011). Malaysia now was facing the shortage of rubber clones due to the changeable weather and over-tapping the rubber trees which raise the problem of supply shortage (Jack 2011). Expectation of producers is a non-price factor so it shifts the supply curve to the leftward from S0 to S1. However, the quantity of rubber supplied decrease from Q0 to Q1 because of weather problem and unable to produce at given output, resulting in increase price of rubber from P0 to P1 shown in Figure 1.2. 3.3 Shortage Figure 2.1 Shortage Q Q1 Q Quantity The Effects of shift in demand on rubber market Price Pn P0 E D1 S0 D0 Figure 2.1 Shortage Q Q1 Q Quantity Price Pn P0 E D1 S0 D0 The Effects of shift in demand on rubber market There is excess demand and the supply for the natural rubber is limited, it brings the resulting of shortage which has consequently led to price increase in the Malaysia since 2008 (World rubber supply tight, but price outlook bullish 2010). From Figure 2.1, at P0, as demand shifts from D0 to D1, it shows the demand has increase and the equilibrium price has move from P0 to Pn shows that the quantity of supply also increase. However, in the Figure 2.2, the supply shifts from S0 to S1, which means decrease in supply and the equilibrium price has increase from P0 to Pn and decrease in quantity demanded. As a conclusion, through Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2, both of them showed a shortage which is the shaded region where the quantity demanded (Q1) exceeds quantity supplied (Q0). Besides, an upward pressure fall on the price of rubber due to the shortage and when the price is at Pn resulting a new equilibrium, point E and the quantity demanded is at Q1, as shown in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2. 3.4 Market Equilibrium Changes in Equilibrium Equilibrium described as in a market occurs when the price balances the plans of buyers and sellers (Hubbard, 2009). Bernama stated that the prices of natural rubber will continuously rise in this year but the output of the natural rubber in February has drop if compare to January whereas the demand increase in world markets (February Rubber Output down 15.8 Per Cent 2011). Figure 3.1 S1 S D D1 P1 P0 Q Quantity Price Supply Demand for Rubber market In the change in equilibrium, there is increase in Demand and decrease in supply. There Therefore, the demand curve shift rightward from D to D1 and supply curve shift leftward from S to S1, as shown in Figure 3.1. The new equilibrium price increase and move from P0 to P1. But there is no change in Quantity. The equilibrium price rise up but quantity is indeterminate. 3.5 Subsidy Smallholders can 5.0 Reference Lists Adnan, Hanim. 2011. Right time for renewed interest in rubber sector. The Star.http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/4/5/business/8412507sec=busi ness (Accessed April 1, 2011). Demand. 2011. Investor Glossary. http://www.investorglossary.com/demand.htm (Accessed April 1). .Kian Seong, Lee. 2011.Careplus gains 4 sen premium on ACE Market debut. The Star. http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?sec=businessfile=/2010/12/7/business/756724 2 (Accessed April 2, 2011). Supply. 2011. Business Dictionary.com. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/supply.html (Accessed April 2, 2011). Admin. 2011. Global warming threat to natural rubber. Srilankan rubber Industry. http://slrubberindustry.com/2011/01/19/global-warming-threat-to-natural-rubber/ (Accessed April 2, 2011) Jack Wong. 2011. Rubber board unveils planting scheme. The Star. http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/3/29/business/8364614sec=business (Accessed April 2). World rubber supply tight, but price outlook bullish. 2010. Bloomberg. http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/global-outlook-for-rubber-supplies-are-bullish-2010- 02-12 (Accessed April 3, 2011). February Rubber Output Down 15.8 Per Cent. 2011. Bernama. http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsbusiness.php?id=578466 (Accessed April 12, 2011)

lit review :: essays research papers

Roughly 217,440 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in 2004, resulting in nearly 40,580 deaths (3). Those newly diagnosed with breast cancer often have the choice of several different treatments. The treatments include chemotherapy and radiation. Fatigue related from cancer is defined as â€Å"a persistent, subjective sense of tiredness related to cancer or cancer treatment that interferes with usual functioning† (1). This helps contribute to physical inactivity in these patients, leading to deconditioning and decreased functional capacity (1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Physical inactivity and an increase in rest have generally been recommended for cancer patients (1). However, recent research has shown that physical activity helps with the management of fatigue and improves quality of life (1-4). In addition, 50% of patients prefer nonpharmacologic interventions in order to manage fatigue (4). The current recommendations for breast cancer patients are low to moderate physical activity, such as brisk walking, to manage fatigue and, in turn, improve quality of life (3,4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several studies support the recommendations for physical activity in breast cancer patients. These studies prescribed a home-based walking programs to women who were going to receive chemotherapy or radiation treatment for Stage I to III breast cancer (1,2). The walking programs were based on the duration of the radiation (6 weeks) or chemotherapy (3 months) treatment (1,2). The subjects were put into two groups, usual care or usual care and the walking program (1,2). Both of the walking programs prescribed working up to 30 minutes of brisk walking, 5 to 6 days per week and approximately 50-70% of maximum heart rate (1,2). These meet the ACSM’s standards for positive health benefits. Mock, et al studied fatigue and functional capacity in participation in a home-based walking program (1). They concluded that exercise during treatment of cancer increased functional capacity and decreased fatigue in sedentary women subjected to chemotherapy or radiation (1). T he subjects who adhered to the program had significantly lower fatigue levels than those who did not participate (1). The adherence rate of those participating in the exercise program was 72% (1). Since these women were sedentary prior to this study, this suggests an urgency and desire to benefit their overall health. They see the importance of being physically fit, not only to reduce fatigue during treatment, but to improve it after treatment as well. Pickett, et al reported on the adherence rate to a home-based walking program (2).

Depression Essay -- essays research papers

Clinical depression is one of many mental disorders affecting 1 in 10 Americans today. This disorder is characterized by ongoing feelings of sadness and despair which leads to anxiety, agitation, feelings of emptiness, and loss of self-worth. Following these initial symptoms are possible weight loss or gain, insomnia, lack of energy, unusual indecisiveness, and even suicidal thoughts or attempts. There are many possible causes of major depression; however, very often the disease strikes without any triggering cause which leads to a great deal of frustration by the affected person and his or her loved ones. Fortunately, scientists have narrowed the list to three major causes: a first depressive episode caused by a traumatic event, a biochemical disorder, or an inherited disorder. Depression can result from an emotionally or physically stressful incident. This has been termed by psychologists as first depressive episode. Possible causes include the death of a loved one, an abortion or miscarriage, a move to a new home or job, the end of an important relationship, financial problems, a chronic illness, or any other traumatic event. For many people, these incidents produce a mild to moderate case of the blues. They feel "down" for a while, but they are able to continue functioning and performing everyday tasks. Although these people may experience the chemical imbalance that is the hallmark of depression, the brain abnormality typically ...

History of the Catholic Church on the death penalty and how it has changed over time Essay

Whereas the ancient Catholic Church did not have much of a problem with capital punishment, the modern Catholic Church stands resolutely against capital punishment. The stand of the Catholic Church concerning death penalty gives a clear illustration of centuries of tension in addition to uncertainties. However, the Catholic Church with its stern stand has been able to manage all the tensions that emanate from this serious issue. The role of the Catholic Church in the debate concerning death penalty has got a rich history. This paper through qualitative analysis of legitimate websites and published work is going to look at the history of the Catholic Church on the death penalty as well as how it has changed over time. Introduction There are various ways that have been employed by human beings to get rid of evil doers since the inception of the world. The techniques chosen by people to punish perpetrators of violence present the society with great challenges. Death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, is one of the ways through which evil doers can be punished. Implementation of death penalty has, however, been a controversial issue that has been debated for years without coming to a rational conclusion. The issue of death penalty has been debated for years by the public, religious organizations and professionals without coming to an agreement. The Catholic Church, for example, is one of the religious organizations that have for decades been in the front line in the fight against death penalty. The Catholic Church argues that instead of imposing death penalty, more lenient forms of punishment should be employed (Megivern p, 391). The principle objective of the Catholic Church, as far as death penalty is concerned, is to break the cycle of violence, get rid of the culture of death, and seek justice without revenge. Victims of violence have every right to see perpetrators of such violent deeds face the law, and the public acting out of faith has the mandate to assist the victims of violence in their attempt to come to terms with their condition (Mahony para, 5). It is also the right of the general public to seek justice when laws have been violated, peaceful coexistence gotten rid of, and the rights of human beings violated by a variety of violent acts. The position of the Catholic Church has undergone extensive evolution over the last few decades in calling the public to seek justice rather than revenge (Anon p, 1). The Catholic Church also makes it clear that putting perpetrators to death does not restore the condition as it was before the crime was carried out. The papal authority has constantly called for an end to capital punishment. The Catholic Church under the leadership of the pope issues numerous appeals for clemency for those awaiting punishment by death around the world (Gregory para, 20). History of the Catholic Church on the death penalty and how it has changed over time The history of the utilization of death penalty, as a mode of punishment for evil deeds, is a story that entails exceptional conducts of the human beings stuffed with all sorts of anomalies. It incorporates religious matters and touches on almost all aspects of culture. The deep involvement of the leaders of the Catholic Church in the in the process of approving the deliberate destruction of the lives of human beings has resulted in development of a novel set of complex beliefs and practices that make up a kind of tradition. The early Catholic Church beliefs concerning capital punishment resulted in it being regarded as a different mode of punishment. The Bible, according to Hodgkinson and Schabas, is believed to have been the base on which early Catholic Church beliefs concerning death penalty were shaped (p, 117). Had death not been so clearly signified as an exquisitely ordained penalty for all who committed serious crimes, as it is in the Hebrew Bible, the practice of punishing criminals through death would not have gained the kind of momentum it gained in addition to occupying the central position in the Christian history (Megivern p, 8). The Catholic Church has a rich history of backing up death penalty. In the Vatican city is was death penalty was legal until it was prohibited by Pope Paul VI in the year 1969. The early Catholic Church did not have much of problem with capital punishment (Megivern p, 8). Death penalty, according to Megivern, was taken as an important tool for punishing those who threatened the social and political order (p, 9). This perception has however, changed over the years. There are numerous contradictions when it comes to the teachings and the stand of the Catholic Church on death penalty. Even though it has not been totally eliminated, the scope of capital punishment has been reduced drastically. Whereas the previous pope was totally against death penalty, constantly writing to law makers and judges to get rid of death penalty, in the United States and other developed countries, the official teaching of the Catholic Church makes it clear that capital punishment is not ethically incorrect in all cases. This calls for understanding of the cases where death penalty is an applicable means of punishing wrong doers (Gregory, para, 30). Over the years, â€Å"against the death penalty†, has turned out to be a common phrase among the Catholic Church faithful. Death penalty is treated as a form of intrinsic evil among Catholic Church faithful. The Catholic Church teachings have, over and over, made it clear that human life is sacred due to the fact that human beings were created by God. It is therefore the duty of each and every person to safeguard and defend the human life at all times. Human life according to the Catholic Church is a gift from God, and all people regardless of the social and economic backgrounds are called upon to enhance it. The Catholic Church argues that it is morally wrong to take away the life of another person (Cline para, 2). Nevertheless, the Catholic Church has always protected the government in its development and implementation of policies aimed at getting rid of wrong doers from society. This is why at certain times, in the history of the Catholic Church, Christians have supported capital punishment for certain crimes. However, as the Catholic Church continues growing in wisdom and experience, its teachings result in constant refining of capital punishment (Cline para, 4). The earlier edition of Catholic Church catechism, according not Gregory para, holds onto the traditional teaching of the church concerning death penalty (para, 6). These teachings allowed for the use of death penalty as a way of punishment with intent of protecting public order and defending life. As a result these church teachings redressed the disorder that emanated from the offense. However, the Catholic Church teachings made it clear that bloodless means of punishment should be employed. It also emphasized on the notion that Christians globally are supposed to show mercy and not revenge (Gregory para, 7). In 1997 the Catholic Church revised the section on death penalty. This revision was executed as a result of the changes in the catechetical presentation of the Catholic Church’s moral stand (Gregory para, 8). However, the purpose of death penalty as a means of restoring public order was not part of the revision. The corresponding perception of death penalty as a way of deterring further serious crimes was also minimized. After the 1997 revision of catholic catechism had failed to institute capital punishment as a means of restoring public order, the only reason for deterrent values of death punishment was that it provided protection to human beings against perpetrators (Gregory para, 8). In 2005, John Paul II after consultation with Roman Catholic bishops from all over the world came up with a conclusion that death penalty should only be permitted in cases of utter necessity, when it would be impossible to defend the society through other means of punishment (Gregory para, 10). John Paul II, as indicated by Gregory, pointed out that the world possesses the capacity to protect itself in addition to safeguarding the common good without the need for death penalty (para, 10). The Catholic Church holds onto the fact that various forms of punishment, with the exception of death penalty, have the capacity to protect and defend the safety of the people from perpetrators, and that modern authority is flexible enough to restrict itself to such means. John Paul II advocated for the use of other punishment modalities such as long periods of imprisonment with intent of promoting safety of the public (Gregory para, 14). These means would punish evil doers without necessarily having to kill them. Since the 1980s catholic bishops in the United States have persistently called for an end to the use of capital punishment in the country. They asserted that sanctity of all human life should be respected, innocent life should be protected, justice should be achieved through law and public order should be preserved (Gregory para, 30). The bishops claimed that capital punishment does not aid the main intent of reform due to the fact that the opportunity for a prisoner to reform is eliminated. They also argued that even though death penalty protects society from a particular criminal, who committed a serious crime for which death penalty is prescribed; it does not eliminate chances of similar crimes being committed in the future. Catholic Church leadership argued that communities are not made whole and societies are not strengthened through killing those who commit capital crimes. Death penalty according to the church leadership perpetuates a dangerous cycle of violence that eventually diminishes everyone (Gregory para, 31). In 1999 these bishops made an appeal to prohibit the use of capital punishment and followed it up in 2000 with â€Å"Responsibility, Rehabilitation and Restoration: A Catholic Perspective on Crime and Criminal Justice† Document (Gregory para, 29). This was after Pope John Paul II‘s visit to the United States in 1999. The Pope called for the abolition of death penalty. The Pope challenged the catholic faithful globally to protect the lives of innocent people, in a similar manner to abortion and euthanasia, in addition to protecting the lives of those who may have committed capital crime (Mahony para, 6). In 2005, Catholic bishops revived their fight against death penalty and began educating both Catholics and non-Catholics on the evils associated with death penalty. The American Catholic Church, currently, holds onto the perception that capital punishment under the conditions of the modern American society is not justified in the view of conventional rationale of punishment. Catholic Church leadership in the United States has developed careful guidelines concerning death penalty, which apply the teachings of the universal Church to the American culture. The modern American Catholic Church leadership has expressed its opinion against death penalty (Gregory para, 30). Whereas the ancient Catholic Church allowed for punishment of capital offenders with death, over the last four decades the Catholic Church has come out strongly against state-sponsored capital punishment (Megivern p, 14). This deviation from the Catholic Church teachings, which have been in existence for almost two millennia, is highly likely to provoke disagreement within the ranks of Catholic faithful. Modern Catholic Church leadership, as indicated by Hodgkinson and Schabas, charges that there are numerous flaws associated with the use of capital punishment including racial disparity and economic disproportion that take root in the trials of serious offenders (p, 126). Catholic leadership also makes it clear that chances of wrongly convicting men and women are very high, and therefore death punishment would result in the death of innocent people (Hodgkinson, and Schabas p, 127). Even though the validity of capital punishment has not been totally rejected, the circumstances in which they are approved are so limited that they are virtually impossible. The society is left without an option, rather than stick to the teachings of the Catholic Church. Conclusion  It can therefore be concluded that whereas the ancient Catholic Church did not have much of a problem with capital punishment, the modern Catholic Church stands resolutely against capital punishment. The Bible is believed to have been the base on which early Catholic Church beliefs concerning death penalty were shaped. The Catholic Church has a rich history of backing up death penalty. In the Vatican city is was death penalty was legal until it was prohibited by Pope Paul VI in the year 1969. Death penalty was taken as an important tool for punishing those who threatened the social and political order. This perception has however, changed over the years. The modern Catholic Church leadership has expressed its opinion against death penalty. The Catholic Church teachings make it clear that bloodless means of punishment should be employed. The Catholic Church leadership also asserts that human life is sacred due to the fact that human beings were created by God, and therefore it should be respected.

Native American Culture Facts

SYNDICATE 7 } } Bottlenecks in the processing system at RP1 Excessive truck-waiting time and costs annoying the berry growers Excessive labour costs Poor berry grading system } } Wet Berries 58% System throughput rate : 1200 bbls/hr Wet Berries 70% System throughput rate : 1050 bbls/hr Wet Berries 70%, with a Dryer? System throughput rate : 1200 bbls/hr 3500 3000 2500 Berries (bbls) 2000 58% Wet Berries, 11am Start 70% Wet Berries, 11am Start 70% Wet Berries, 7am Start 1500 1000 70% Wet Berries, 7am Start, 1 Dryer 500 -8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-00 00-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 Time (24-hour) 0 Options No. Of Hours Trucks wait No. Of barrels waiting in the truck (bbls) 1 Truck Capacity (bbls) Total truck waiting time (hrs. ) Average Truck waiting time (minutes) % Change in waiting time Cost per hour/per truck/per day Harvest season truck waiting cost (106 days) % Change in peak-season Truck waiting costs 58% Wet Berries -11am Start 12 hours 16000 75 213. 34 53 – $ 100 2,260,980 – 70% Wet Berries -11am Start 15 hours 40600 75 541. 34 135 Reference level $ 100 $ 5,738,204 Reference level 70% Wet Berries -7am Start 7 hours 9500 75 127 32 -76. 3% $ 100 $ 1,346,200 -76. 5% 70% Wet Berries -7am Start, with 1 Dryer 0 hours 0 75 0 0 -100% 75 0 -100% 5000 4500 4000 3500 Berries (bbls) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Start 11am- 70% Wet Berries Start 7am- 70% Wet Berries, 1 Dryer Start 7am- 70% Wet Berries Start 11am- 58% Wet Berries 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 0-21 21-22 22-23 23-00 00-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 Time (24-hour) Savings: 70% Wet 11am Costs/ 70% Wet Berries, Berries, 11am Alternatives    7am Start, 2 shifts start v/s Start, 1 shift 7am start 70% Wet Berries, 7am Start with 1 dryer, 2 shifts Savings: 7am start with 1 Dryer over 7 am start with no dryer Equipment Truck Waiting Labour Total Costs $ 0 $57,38,204 $5,66,645. 71 $63,04,849. 7 1 $ 0 $13,46,200 $5,13,948. 57 $18,60,148. 57 77% 9% 70% $ 60,000. 00 $ 0 $4,99,229. 71 $5,59,229. 71 100% 3% 70% }Start Operations at 7am with 2 work-shifts Truck waiting time reduces to 32min on average and costs by 76. 5% Labour costs decrease by 9% } Invest in One Dryer Truck waiting goes down to zero and thus no truck waiting costs Labour costs reduce a further 3% †¢? Buy the Light Meter System Helps save $ 318,410 in the first season itself } Going forward, invest in increasing the capacity of the Drying system to 1200bbls/hr as proportion of wet berries increases. This will help avoid labour and truck waiting costs

The Theme of Corruption of Money

Discuss the importance of Joe Gargery and the life of the forge in the presentation of the central Issues of Great Expectations. â€Å"Great Expectations† by Charles Dickens is a novel about a young boy, named Pip, whos expectations are raised from being a blacksmiths apprentice to being a gentleman after he Is adopted by an unknown benefactor. As a result of this Pip leaves his childhood home of the forge and his father figure, Joe Gargery. The novel explores the key themes of corruption of money, love and heartbreak, and pride.The following essay aims to discuss the importance f Joe Gargery and the life of the forge in relation to the key themes of the novel. The theme of corruption of money is seen mostly in the main character Pip. Throughout the novel Pip experiences the corruption of money in various forms. In his childhood he is familiar with a man called Mr Pumblechook, a man who has plentiful money and generally flaunts this fact. In these early stages Pip sees how mon ey has corrupted this man and believes this behaviour to be ridiculous.However upon receiving his expectations we see Pip acting in the same frivolous manner showing ow easily he has been corrupted by money. Even before receiving his expectations Pip wishes to be a gentleman. This Is only after spending time with Miss Havisham a rich woman who lives nearby. Joe Gargery Is the opposite of Pip In this respect. Though he Is only working class, and therefore wouldn't have much money, he Is uncorrupted by money and is the moral compass of the story. There are many points in the novel where dickens shows how Joe is unaffected by the corruption of money.At the start of the novel Pip steals a pie for an escaped convict upon his capture the onvict claims he stole the pie from the blacksmiths. Joe is unconcerned about this, and the expense of the pie, â€Å"God knows you're welcome to it – so far as it was ever mine†¦ We don't know what you have done, but we wouldnt have you star ve to death for it† this shows he does not want people to suffer over a matter that he deems so small in the scheme of things and is not Judgemental of the convict.Later when Pip stops visiting Miss Havisham Joe is given money by her In return for Pip's help. Joe does not keep the money however and Instead passes It on to his wife Mrs Joe In rder to appease her. It Is a large amount of money he Is given and Joe would rather see it used so that others may be happy. When Mr Jaggers comes to tell Pip of his fortunes Joe is offered payment in return for Pip. He refuses the money as he does not want to be bribed and would rather Pip make his own choices, â€Å"Pip is that harty welcome to go free with his services, to honour and fortun†¦ f you think as money can make compensation to me† this shows that he cares only about what Pip wants rather than the fact he is losing a labourer. Towards the end of the novel Pip falls into erious debt and illness. Before this time Pip had been cold towards Joe, despite this Joe goes to help take care of Pip and pays off his large debt showing that he cares more for his family then he does for money. These incidents show Joe's lack of concern over money and also shows that he would rather see It go towards helping others rather than keeping It for himself so that he may have more expensive things.The forge is an extension of Joe and so emulates him in being uninfluenced by forge is a central place in the village life as everyone needs the forge for something. This means that although it is a working class establishment it is more important and central than many other working class trades. Due to this, though the lifestyle is not reliant on it, more money goes into the forge. Despite this it is still uninfluenced. The Gargery family take in Pip when his parents die as Mrs Joe is his only remaining relative.This helps to illustrate that the lifestyle maintained at the forge is uncaring of monetary issues, such as h aving to care for young child. The forge is rarely closed and on the occasions that it is, it is a sign that a major event is about to occur. An example of this happening is when Joe goes to see Miss Havisham. This is an example of how the forge is unaffected by money as it is closed, even though there is likely plentiful work to do, to allow Joe to go and see Miss Havisham for Pip's benefit.The corruption of money is what causes Pip to leave one of the places he is happiest. Love is an important theme in relation to Joe. Despite Mrs Joe's harshness and domestic abuse Joe is still very much in love with her. After receiving money from Miss Havisham Joe gives it to Mrs Joe in order to appease her since she was not nvited, â€Å"into the hands of his sister Mrs J. GargerY' this shows Joe's desire to keep Mrs Joe happy due to his love of her. Her attack shocks Joe and it seems as though he feels guilty for not being there to protect her.Mrs Joe's death further on in the novel further shocks Joe and leaves him in a state of melancholy, â€Å"you knowed her when she were a fine fgure of a-† this shows his inability to speak due to his grief. It also shows his love for her as this is a phrase he often uses to describe her â€Å"She were a fine fgure of a woman†. It is many years before Joe falls in love again with Biddy. Joe is a very loving character and seems to be the embodiment of love. Before falling in love with Biddy, he loved her anyway for her kindness and help to Mrs Joe while she was ill.Joe's love also extends to Pip who he helped to raise and was also best friend to. Pip's betrayal of Joe by leaving does not affect Joe's love for him and Joe continues to aid Pip in every way he can including paying his debts and looking after him when he was ill â€Å"Ever the best of friends†¦ a receipt for the debt and costs on my which o ad been arrested† this shows his compassion and how much he cares for Pip. This is not returned in kind by Pip who all but forgets Joe and tries to avoid him at all costs. The forge is also important to the theme of love.It is here that Pip grows up in the loving environment of the forge where he is given a good home and a future Job. Within the forge we also Joe defend Mrs Joe after she is insulted by Orlick, he doesn't allow her to fght him herself showing he is probably concerned for her safety. Upon leaving the forge for his great expectations Pip is upset and desires to turn back ultiple times showing his love of the forge and the people there, â€Å"l deliberated with an aching heart whether I would not get down when we changed horses, and walk back† this shows how he is torn between his expectations and his home.He is also often torn between the simplistic life of the forge and the sophisticated life at Satis House. Pride is another important theme to the novel and its lack of control over Joe helps to illustrate his goodness. Though Joe is proud of himself he is not pro ud in the sense of thinking himself above others, â€Å"he may be too proud to let anyone take him fa place that he is competent to fill† this helps illustrate he is proud of his profession even if it is considered low. He is proud of his accomplishments but above or wrong.For example Joe is proud that Pip has managed to get an education however he is also proud of Pip for going off to be a gentleman. These again are two different types of pride. In the first example he is proud of Pips accomplishments, â€Å"what a scholar you are! â€Å", in the second it seems as though he is proud for Pip's sake, â€Å"heartily congratulated me; but there was a certain touch of sadness in their ongratulations†, it is as though Pip needs to see that Joe is proud of him in order to follow his plans through. Joe wants what is best for Pip.The forge also relates to pride. The forge is used by everyone in the town including the soldiers however it remains simplistic and is run by only the one man. Though the forge, and Joe by extension, have plenty to be proud of they remain simple and loving, giving help where needed. This attitude also helps, in a way, to stop Pip from giving up his apprenticeship at the beginning, â€Å"any good that intermixed itself with my pprenticeship came of plain contented Joe, and not of restlessly aspiring discontented me† this shows his desire to make Joe proud.